12 Days Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury tour

Explore Egypt on a 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour. See pyramids, sail the Nile, and enjoy ultimate comfort. Book your dream adventure today

Duration

12 days

From

USD 2,850

• Giza Pyramids
• The Grand Egyptian Museum
• The Egyptian Museum
• Memphis City
• High Dam
• Philae Temple
• The Unfinished Obelisk
• Edfu & Kom Ombo Temples
• Abu Simbel Temple
• Karnak Temple
• Luxor Temple
• Valley of The Kings
• Hatshepsut Temple
• Colossi of Memnon

Day 1: Arrive in Cairo – Begin Your Unforgettable Journey

Your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour starts the moment you step off the plane. From smooth airport assistance to a stay in a top-tier hotel, every detail is arranged for a seamless experience. Settle in, relax, and get ready for an adventure through Egypt’s most iconic sights.

Arrival & Airport Assistance

• Meet Your Tour Guide at Cairo Airport: A warm welcome awaits as your guide greets you.
• Effortless Immigration Assistance: Get help with visa processing for a stress-free entry.
• Private Transfer to Your Hotel: Travel in a luxury, air-conditioned vehicle with a professional driver.

Check-In & Itinerary Overview

• Stay at the Kempinski Nile Hotel: Enjoy five-star comfort with breathtaking city and river views.
• Smooth Check-In Process: Your guide ensures a quick and hassle-free arrival at the hotel.
• Itinerary Review: Go over the schedule and confirm pickup times for upcoming tours.

Relax & Enjoy Your First Night in Cairo

• Sip a Complimentary Welcome Drink: Refresh yourself while taking in the stunning skyline.
• Take in the Vibrant Atmosphere: Enjoy Cairo’s energy or relax at the hotel’s luxury amenities.
• Have the Evening at Leisure: Rest up for the incredible journey ahead or explore nearby attractions.

Your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour is just beginning. Get ready to explore the history, culture, and beauty of Egypt in style! For more exclusive travel experiences, explore 10 Days Cairo, Aswan, Luxor & Hurghada Overland Tour

Day 2: Memphis & Pyramid Adventure – Step Into Egypt’s Ancient Past

On this day of your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, explore the heart of Egypt’s ancient civilization. Walk through Memphis, the first capital, admire the Step Pyramid of Saqqara, and stand before the majestic Pyramids of Giza. This unforgettable journey takes you deep into the wonders of history.

Morning: Discover Memphis & Saqqara

• Start Your Day with Breakfast: Enjoy a fresh and energizing meal at your hotel.
• Visit Memphis, Egypt’s First Capital: Founded by King Menes, this city was once the heart of the ancient world.
• See the Statue of Ramses II: Marvel at this massive monument of Egypt’s most powerful ruler.
• Explore Saqqara’s Step Pyramid: Built for King Djoser, it is the oldest stone pyramid ever constructed.
• Learn About Imhotep’s Architectural Genius: Discover the engineering behind the world’s first large-scale stone structure.

Afternoon: The Great Pyramids & Giza Plateau

• Enjoy Lunch at a Local Restaurant: Savor traditional Egyptian cuisine in a charming setting.
• Visit the Iconic Pyramids of Giza: Witness the timeless beauty of Cheops, Chefren, and Mykerinus.
• Stand Before the Great Sphinx: The legendary half-lion, half-pharaoh guardian of the pyramids.
• Explore the Valley Temple: Learn about ancient mummification rituals and royal burial customs.
• Take Stunning Photos: Capture breathtaking moments at one of the world’s most recognized sites.

Evening: Return to Your Hotel & Relax

• Head Back to Your Accommodation: Unwind after a full day of exploration.
• Enjoy Leisure Time: Relax at your hotel or explore the vibrant streets of Cairo.
• Your Egypt Luxury Tours experience continues as you prepare for more Cairo and Nile Cruise Holidays, filled with rich history and unforgettable sights! For more exclusive travel experiences, explore 8 Days Pyramids & The Nile by Air

Day 3: Explore Cairo’s Rich Heritage on Day 3 – A Journey Through Time

Explore Cairo’s Rich Heritage on Day 3 – A Journey Through Time

Immerse yourself in Cairo’s fascinating history with a private tour of its most iconic landmarks. From ancient artifacts to breathtaking mosques and bustling bazaars, this day promises an unforgettable experience.

Day 3: Cairo Sightseeing Tour

• Start the Day with Breakfast
  Enjoy a delicious breakfast at your hotel before heading out for an exciting day in Cairo.

Visit the Egyptian Museum

• Discover a vast collection of ancient artifacts.
• See the legendary treasures of Tutankhamun.
• Learn about Egypt’s fascinating pharaohs and dynasties.

Explore Salah El-Din Citadel

• Built in 1183 AD to defend against Crusaders.
• Offers panoramic views of Cairo.
• Home to the stunning Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque.

Mohamed Ali Mosque

• A masterpiece of Ottoman architecture.
• Named after one of Egypt’s most influential rulers.
• Features a striking white alabaster façade and grand domes.

Enjoy a Local Lunch

• Savor authentic Egyptian cuisine at a top-rated restaurant.
• Experience the rich flavors of traditional dishes.

Wander Through Khan El Khalili Bazaar

• Cairo’s most famous marketplace.
• Find handcrafted souvenirs, spices, and jewelry.
• Soak in the vibrant atmosphere of this historic shopping district.

Visit Historic Churches & Synagogues

• See the Hanging Church, a stunning Coptic landmark.
• Explore the Church of St. Barbara and the Church of Abu Serga.
• Discover the Ben Ezra Synagogue, a site of historical significance.

Return to Your Hotel

After a full day of exploration, relax back at your hotel in the heart of Cairo.

This unforgettable day is part of your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect mix of history, culture, and adventure.

Looking for more exclusive travel experiences? Check out our 12-Day Luxury Dahabiya Nile Cruise and explore the best Luxury Egypt Tour Packages tailored just for you. For more exclusive travel experiences, explore 8 Days Cairo, Luxor & Aswan Classic Tour

Day 4: Sail Through History on Day 4 – Luxor & the Dahabiya Nile Cruise

Step into a world of elegance as you begin your Dahabiya Nile Cruise and Cairo Pyramids Tours. Enjoy breathtaking views, ancient wonders, and a serene sailing experience.

Day 4: Luxor & the Start of Your Dahabiya Journey

Morning Flight to Luxor

• After breakfast, transfer to Cairo Airport.
• Take a short flight to Luxor, home to Egypt’s greatest temples.

Board Your Dahabiya Nile Cruise

• Settle into your luxury cabin.
• Enjoy a relaxing start to your river journey.
• Savor a delicious onboard lunch with a Nile view.

Explore Karnak Temple Complex

• Walk through the awe-inspiring Hypostyle Hall.
• Stand beneath 137 massive columns.
• Discover centuries of history in Egypt’s largest temple.

Visit Luxor Temple

• Admire its grand statues and towering obelisks.
• Learn about the temple’s rich past, dating back to the 28th Dynasty.
• Experience the mystical atmosphere at sunset.

Overnight Stay on the Cruise

• Relax aboard the Sonesta Dahabiya Amirat Cruise.
• Sleep under the stars as the Nile drifts by.

This exclusive experience is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering an unforgettable journey through Egypt’s timeless beauty. For more upscale travel experiences, look into 5 Days Cairo to Luxor Tour Packages

Day 5: Discover the Treasures of Luxor’s West Bank

Start your day with a visit to Luxor’s West Bank, home to ancient tombs, temples, and statues. Walk through history as you explore the resting places of Egypt’s most powerful rulers. Later, sail towards Esna for a peaceful evening on the Nile.

Enjoy breakfast on board

• Enjoy a tasty and fresh meal to start the day.
• Relax as the Nile scenery unfolds around you.

Visit the Valley of the Kings

• Walk through the burial sites of Egypt’s great pharaohs.
• See the tomb of Tutankhamun, discovered in 1922.
• Admire the intricate hieroglyphics and vivid wall paintings.

Explore the Valley of the Queens

• Discover the final resting place of powerful queens.
• Marvel at beautifully preserved tombs with detailed carvings.
• Learn about the royal families of ancient Egypt.

Stop at the Colossi of Memnon

• Stand before two towering statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III.
• Capture stunning photos of these ancient wonders.
• Hear the fascinating stories behind their construction.

Discover Madinat Habu Temple

• Explore one of Luxor’s most impressive temples.
• See vivid inscriptions depicting battles and rituals.
• Walk through its grand courtyards and towering columns.

Return to your Dahabiya Nile Cruise

• Sail towards Esna as you unwind onboard.
• Enjoy breathtaking Nile views in a tranquil setting.
• Moor in a quiet location for a peaceful night.

This journey is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect mix of history and relaxation. Experience Egypt in style with our Luxury Cairo and Dahabiya Nile Cruise, designed for travelers seeking a unique and intimate adventure.

Day 6: Tranquil Sailing on the Nile – A Day of Pure Relaxation

Experience the peaceful beauty of the Nile as your Private Luxury Nile Sailing Tour takes you on a scenic journey. Enjoy breathtaking views, fresh air, and a magical evening near a picturesque island. This day is all about relaxation and natural beauty. Look into the following for more upscale travel experiences Cairo & Sharm El Sheikh Vacation Package

Start the morning with a refreshing breakfast

• Wake up to the gentle movement of the Dahabiya.
• Enjoy a delicious meal with panoramic Nile views.

Sail through Egypt’s timeless landscapes

• Glide past lush palm groves and ancient villages.
• Take in the peaceful sounds of the river.
• Let the fresh air and calm waters refresh your senses.

Relax on the deck and enjoy the journey

• Stretch out on a sun lounger with a book.
• Sip Egyptian tea while watching local life along the riverbanks.
• Capture stunning photos of the Nile’s ever-changing scenery.

Savor a freshly prepared lunch

• Taste authentic Egyptian flavors made by expert chefs.
• Dine with a serene river backdrop.

Dinner under the stars by a picturesque island

• Stop at a beautiful island for a peaceful evening.
• Enjoy a traditional meal in a breathtaking setting.
• Feel the magic of the Nile as the sun sets.

Overnight mooring in a quiet location

• Sleep soundly in the heart of nature.
• Prepare for another unforgettable day ahead.

This serene sailing experience is part of the 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect blend of relaxation and discovery. Let the Boutique Dahabiya Cruises in Egypt take you on an unforgettable journey through the heart of the Nile.

Day 7: Step Into Ancient Egypt at Edfu Temple

Sail towards one of Egypt’s most magnificent temples, dedicated to Horus, the falcon god. Edfu Temple stands as the best-preserved temple in Egypt, with towering columns, detailed hieroglyphics, and a deep connection to the pharaohs. Enjoy a day filled with history, culture, and stunning Nile views.

Start the day with a peaceful breakfast

• Wake up to the gentle movement of the Dahabiya.
• Enjoy fresh Egyptian flavors while taking in the Nile views.

Sail towards Edfu

• Watch the landscape shift as you move along the river.
• See small villages, lush palm groves, and fishermen at work.

Explore the Temple of Edfu

• Walk through Egypt’s most intact ancient temple.
• See massive statues of Horus guarding the entrance.
• Admire stunning hieroglyphics that tell stories of the past.

Step into the world of the pharaohs

• Learn about ancient rituals performed at the temple.
• Marvel at the grand hall with towering stone columns.
• Discover how this temple played a key role in Egyptian mythology.

Return to your Dahabiya for a relaxing afternoon

• Savor a delicious lunch prepared by onboard chefs.
• Watch the Nile’s beauty unfold as you continue sailing.

Enjoy a golden sunset on deck

• Feel the peaceful atmosphere as the sun dips below the horizon.
• Listen to the gentle lapping of water as the boat moves forward.

Dinner under the stars

• Relish an authentic meal in a quiet, scenic setting.
• Experience the magic of dining on the Nile at night.

Overnight stay on board

• Sleep in comfort as the Dahabiya drifts along the river.
• Rejuvenate yourself for another exciting day of exploring.

This unforgettable journey is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect mix of history and relaxation. Experience Egypt’s beauty with All-Inclusive Luxury Nile Cruise Deals, designed for travelers who seek an exclusive and enriching adventure. Check out these for more upscale travel experiences Luxury Egypt Tour Packages

Day 8: Discover the Unique Beauty of Kom Ombo Temple

Set sail toward one of Egypt’s most fascinating temples, Kom Ombo, known for its rare double design. Dedicated to Sobek, the crocodile god, and Horus, the falcon god, this site offers a glimpse into ancient Egyptian beliefs. Enjoy your last night on the Dahabiya, surrounded by the tranquil beauty of the Nile.

Start the day with a fresh breakfast

• Savor a delicious morning meal on deck.
• Watch the riverbanks come to life as you sail.

Sail towards Kom Ombo Temple

• Relax as the boat glides through the Nile.
• Enjoy the peaceful views of rural Egypt.

Explore the Temple of Kom Ombo

• See one of Egypt's most distinctive temples.
• Discover its rare double structure honoring two gods.
• Admire intricate carvings and well-preserved hieroglyphics.

Learn the legends of Sobek and Horus

• See where Egyptians once worshiped the crocodile god.
• Walk through the section dedicated to the powerful falcon god.
• Observe ancient medical carvings, some of the earliest known records.

Return to Dahabiya for a relaxing afternoon

• Enjoy a chef-prepared lunch made with fresh ingredients.
• Unwind on deck with a view of the river.

Experience an unforgettable final night on board

• Dine under the open sky in a breathtaking setting.
• Feel the peaceful rhythm of the Nile as the boat drifts.
• Gaze at the stars, bright and endless above you.

This incredible journey is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a mix of history, relaxation, and scenic beauty. Discover more about Top-Rated Dahabiya Cruises for Discerning Travelers and experience Egypt’s wonders in unmatched elegance.

Day 9: Peaceful Sailing to Aswan – A Day of Relaxation on the Nile

Enjoy a slow and scenic cruise as your Customized Nile River Adventure takes you toward Aswan. Let the beauty of the river and the warm Egyptian sun create a perfect setting for a peaceful day on board.

Start your morning with a refreshing breakfast

• Enjoy a delicious meal with fresh local ingredients.
• Watch the sunrise over the calm waters of the Nile.

Sail through breathtaking landscapes

• Pass by small villages and golden dunes.
• See lush palm groves and farmers working the land.
• Feel the gentle breeze as you relax on deck.

Unwind and enjoy the tranquil journey

• Read a book or simply take in the view.
• Listen to the soft sounds of the river flowing.
• Experience the timeless beauty of Egypt’s countryside.

Savor a delicious onboard lunch

• Taste a variety of flavorful Egyptian dishes.
• Enjoy a peaceful meal while the boat continues its journey.

Watch the sunset over the Nile

• Admire the water's reflection of the golden tones.
• Feel the peaceful transition from day to night.

End the day with a magical evening on board

• Dine under the stars with a beautifully prepared dinner.
• Relax as the boat gently drifts towards Aswan.
• Sleep soundly, surrounded by the quiet beauty of the river.

This serene sailing experience is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect mix of relaxation and discovery. Explore Egypt’s wonders with Customized Nile River Adventures, designed for travelers seeking an intimate and unforgettable journey.

Day 10: Discover the Highlights of Aswan – A Blend of Ancient and Modern Marvels

Step into the beauty of Aswan, where history meets modern engineering. Visit the High Dam, a symbol of Egypt’s progress, and explore the sacred Philae Temple, beautifully relocated to protect its ancient legacy. End the day with a peaceful evening by the Nile.

Start your morning with a fresh breakfast

• Enjoy a delicious meal onboard your cruise.
• Watch Aswan’s stunning landscapes come to life.

Visit the Aswan High Dam

• See one of Egypt’s most important engineering achievements.
• Learn how it transformed the country’s irrigation and electricity.
• Admire panoramic views of Lake Nasser from the top.

Explore the Philae Temple

• Walk through one of the most sacred temples in Egypt.
• Discover its connection to the goddess Isis.
• See the intricate carvings and grand columns up close.

Enjoy an authentic Egyptian lunch in Aswan

• Savor freshly prepared local dishes.
• Experience the rich flavors of Nubian cuisine.

Return to your luxury Dahabiya Nile cruise

• Relax as you sail along the serene Nile.
• Enjoy the breathtaking scenery from the comfort of your deck.

Dine under the stars in a peaceful setting

• Savor a beautifully prepared dinner on board.
• Reflect on your unforgettable day in Aswan.

This unique experience is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering an unforgettable blend of history and relaxation. Travel in comfort with our luxury dahabiya Nile cruise, designed for those who seek a personalized and elegant journey.

Day 11: Final Discoveries in Aswan & Flight to Cairo

Spend your last day in Aswan exploring two of its greatest landmarks—the High Dam and the Philae Temple. Learn about their historical significance before flying back to Cairo for the final part of your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour.

Start your morning with a delicious breakfast

• Enjoy a peaceful meal onboard as the Nile flows by.
• Prepare for a day of sightseeing before your flight.

Visit the Aswan High Dam

• See one of Egypt’s most important modern projects.
• Learn how it changed Egypt’s economy and water supply.
• Enjoy panoramic views of Lake Nasser from the dam.

Explore the Philae Temple

• Walk through the sacred site dedicated to Isis.
• Discover how it was moved stone by stone in 1971.
• Admire its beautiful hieroglyphics and grand architecture.

Savor an authentic lunch in Aswan

• Taste delicious Egyptian cuisine made with fresh ingredients.
• Relax in a restaurant with stunning views of the Nile.

Fly back to Cairo in the afternoon

• Take a quick trip to Aswan Airport.
• When you get to Cairo, check into your lodging.

Enjoy your final evening in Egypt

• Stroll through Cairo’s vibrant streets.
• Dine at a top restaurant with a beautiful city view.
• See Egypt's most priceless collections up close by taking the Grand Egyptian Museum tour.

This unforgettable journey is part of the 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour, offering a perfect mix of history, culture, and relaxation. For those seeking a premium travel experience, explore our Egypt Luxury Tours, designed for elegance and authenticity.

Day 12: A Memorable Farewell – Your Final Departure from Egypt

Y our 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour comes to an end. After exploring Egypt’s breathtaking wonders, it’s time to return home. Enjoy one last breakfast, check out, and take with you unforgettable memories of this incredible journey.

Enjoy your final breakfast in Egypt

• Savor a fresh meal at your hotel.
• Enjoy the final moments of your journey across Egypt.

Check out and meet your tour manager

• Get assistance with your luggage and documents.
• Ensure a smooth and stress-free departure.

Private transfer to Cairo International Airport

• Travel comfortably with a professional driver.
• Receive full airport assistance for a hassle-free check-in.

Say farewell to Egypt

• Cherish the incredible moments from your journey.
• Carry home the beauty, history, and warmth of this magical land.

This journey may be ending, but your love for Egypt will last forever. When you're ready for another adventure, explore more Cairo and Nile Cruise Holidays, offering unforgettable experiences in comfort and luxury.

Your 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury tour is more than just a trip—it’s an unforgettable journey through time. Walk among ancient wonders, sail the serene Nile, and enjoy luxury at every step. Don’t just dream about Egypt—experience it with expert guides and seamless service. Book now with Egypt Online Tour and let history, adventure, and comfort come together for the trip of a lifetime.

This Luxury Cairo and Dahabiya Nile Cruise is a journey like no other. With Egypt Luxury Tours, you’ll experience ancient history, world-class service, and a trip you’ll never forget.

Explore Egypt on a 12-day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour. See pyramids, sail the Nile, and enjoy ultimate comfort. Book your dream adventure today!

Did you know Egypt is home to some of the world’s most fascinating ancient wonders? The 12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour takes you on a journey through pyramids, hidden temples, and the majestic Nile. Explore breathtaking sights, uncover rich history, and experience unmatched comfort. Are you ready to see Egypt in a way few travelers ever do? Let’s dive into what makes this adventure unforgettable!

12-Day Cairo & Dahabiya Nile Cruise Luxury Tour – Explore Egypt in Comfort

Discover Egypt’s history while enjoying a peaceful Nile cruise. This tour blends famous landmarks, stunning landscapes, and ultimate relaxation.

Day 1-3: Cairo – The Land of Pharaohs

• See the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx up close.
• Explore the Egyptian Museum and its priceless artifacts.
• Walk through Khan El Khalili’s bustling market.

Day 4-10: Dahabiya Nile Cruise – A Scenic Sailing Experience

• Cruise the Nile on a luxury Dahabiya, away from crowds.
• Visit Edfu and Kom Ombo Temples with expert guides.
• Stop at quiet villages and hidden historic sites.

Day 11-12: Luxor & Aswan – Ancient Wonders

• Explore Karnak and Luxor Temples, which are rich in history.
• Discover the Valley of the Kings and Hatshepsut Temple.
• Visit Philae Temple and enjoy Nile views before departure.

This journey offers history, comfort, and unforgettable moments. Plan your trip today!

• Sail on a beautifully crafted Dahabiya with modern amenities.
• Enjoy personalized service in an intimate, crowd-free setting.
• Visit the Great Pyramids, the Sphinx, and the Egyptian Museum.
• Sailing with Breathtaking Nile Views
• Cruise past palm-fringed riverbanks and golden desert landscapes.
• Experience stunning sunsets and peaceful starlit nights.
• Visit Legendary Temples Along the Nile
• Walk through Karnak, Luxor, Edfu, and Kom Ombo temples.
• Marvel at ancient carvings and towering columns.
• Enter the Valley of the Kings and Experience History
• Explore the beautifully preserved tombs of Egypt’s rulers.
• Learn about Tutankhamun’s discovery and burial secrets.
• Boutique Dahabiya Cruises in Egypt
• Avoid crowded cruise ships and enjoy a relaxed, intimate experience.
• Get exclusive access to historical sites with expert guides.
• Explore Aswan’s Timeless Wonders
• Visit the Philae Temple, High Dam, and Nubian villages.
• Enjoy the warm hospitality and unique culture of Aswan.
• Customized Nile River Adventures
• Balance guided tours with personal time to unwind.
• Enjoy seamless travel with private transfers and expert service.
• All-Inclusive Luxury Nile Cruise Deals
• Travel stress-free with all accommodations, meals, and tours arranged.
• Experience luxury at every step of the journey.
• Top-Rated Dahabiya Cruises for Discerning Travelers
• Designed for travelers seeking elegance, exclusivity, and authenticity.
• Enjoy five-star service and a truly unforgettable adventure.
• Exclusive Dahabiya Nile Cruise Experiences
• Relax with gourmet dining and comfortable cabins.
• Travel through Egypt in a way that feels private and special.
• Explore ancient treasures and learn about pharaohs’ legacies.

• Stay at a five-star hotel in Cairo for four nights.
• Take a seven-night Nile Cruise in Dahabiya.
• Cruise Journey in Dahabiya.
• Aircraft by air.
• through a private, air-conditioned car.
• In Edfu, riding in a horse-drawn carriage.
• At the Valley of the Kings, by Taftaf.
• By motorboat to the island of Philae.
• Breakfast 11, lunch 9, and dinner 7.
• Take advantage of a friendly greeting and help with arrivals and departures.
• During your visit, spend some time serving customers.
• Private transfers with a company driver in an air-conditioned car.
• costs for admission to a few of the upscale Dahabiya Nile cruise's attractions.
• During your tours, benefit from the knowledge of an Egyptologist guide who speaks English.
• You will be given lunch on your tour of Giza.
• flights within the country.

• the cost of international flights.
• Egypt's entry requirements for visas.
• Activities and excursions are optional.
• individual expenditures.
• gratuities.